Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. I'm confused when I see these tubes. Why are they so colorful? I'll help you answer your questions today.

Red hat tube

Additives: no additives

Test items: Determination of liver function, blood glucose, blood lipid, inorganic ions, serum protein and various enzymes.

Serological test: immunoglobulin, complement, immune complex, C-reactive protein, autoantibody, tumor immunity and various viruses

Note: the blood glucose test shall be submitted for inspection immediately, and shall not be placed at room temperature for too long

Yellow cap tube

Additives: inert separating gel and coagulant

Test items: Determination of liver function, blood glucose, blood lipid, inorganic ions, serum protein and various enzymes.

Serological test: immunoglobulin, complement, immune complex, C-reactive protein, autoantibody, tumor immunity and various viruses

Note: Blood solid-liquid separation, the sample is stable within 48h. Setting time 10-30min

Blue cap tube

Additive: citric acid anticoagulant

Test items: methemoglobin reduction test, coagulation factor correction test, four items of coagulation, D-dimer and other blood coagulation tests

Note: anticoagulant and blood collection volume shall be accurate, with a ratio of 1:9. The recommended anticoagulant concentration of nccl is 3.2% / 3.8%

Green hat tube

Additive: heparin sodium / lithium anticoagulant

Test items: red blood cell fragility test, blood gas analysis, red blood cell backlog, ESR and general biochemical determination and hemorheology test

Note: it can quickly separate plasma and can also be used for routine or ICU emergency plasma biochemical determination. Plasma samples can be directly put on the machine and refrigerated for 48 hours. It is not suitable for leukocyte counting

Black hat tube

Additive: sodium citrate anticoagulant

Test item: ESR test

Note: anticoagulant and blood collection volume are 1:4

Grey cap pipe

Additive: oxalic acid / sodium chloride weak anticoagulant

Test items: blood glucose and glucose tolerance

Note: glucose molecules can be stored at 4 ℃ for 48h and cannot be used for the determination of alkaline phosphatase

Purple cap tube

Additive: EDTA and its salt anticoagulant

Test items: Red / white blood cell, platelet, eosinophil, reticulocyte count, leukocyte classification count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, bleeding time and coagulation time

Note: anticoagulants and blood collection vessels should be accurate. It is not applicable to coagulation test, platelet function test, determination of calcium, potassium, sodium, iron ion, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, leucine aminopeptidase and PCR

With so many anticoagulants and coagulants, what is their function, what is the anticoagulant principle, and what are the substances separated from them? Once again into a state of ignorance.